Overview: Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0
Previous: E MathML Document Object Model Bindings (Non-normative)
Next: G Sample Surfing Style Sheet for MathML (Non-normative)
F Operator Dictionary (Non-normative)
F.1 Format of operator dictionary entries
F.2 Indexing of operator dictionary
F.3 Choice of entity names
F.4 Notes on lspace and
rspace attributes
F.5 Operator dictionary entries
The following table gives the suggested dictionary of rendering
properties for operators, fences, separators, and accents in MathML, all of
which are represented by mo elements. For brevity,
all such elements will be called simply `operators' in this
Appendix.
The operators are divided into groups, which are separated by blank
lines in the listing below. The grouping, and the order of the groups, is
significant for the proper grouping of sub-expressions using <mrow> (Section 3.3.1 [Horizontally Group Sub-Expressions
(mrow)]); the rule described
there is especially relevant to the automatic generation of MathML by
conversion from other formats for displayed mathematics, such as TEX,
which do not always specify how sub-expressions nest.
The format of the table entries is: the <mo>
element content between double quotes (start and end tags not shown),
followed by the attribute list in Surf Clothing format, starting with the
form attribute, followed by the default rendering
attributes which should be used for mo elements
with the given content and form attribute.
Any attribute not listed for some entry has its default value,
which is given in parentheses in the table of attributes in Section 3.2.5 [Operator, Fence, Separator or Accent
(mo)].
Note that the characters & and < are represented in the
following table entries by the entity references
& and < respectively,
as would be necessary if they appeared in the content of an actual
mo element (or any other MathML or Surf
element).
For example, the first entry,
"(" form="prefix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
could be expressed as an mo element by:
<mo form="prefix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"> ( </mo>
(note the lack of double quotes around the content, and the whitespace added around the content for readability, which is optional in MathML).
This entry means that, for MathML renderers which use this
suggested operator dictionary, giving the element
<mo form="prefix"> ( </mo>
alone, or simply
<mo> ( </mo>
in a position for which
form="prefix"
would be inferred (see below), is equivalent to giving the element
with all attributes as shown above.
Note that the dictionary is indexed not just by the element
content, but by the element content and form attribute
value, together. Operators with more than one possible form have more
than one entry. The MathML specification describes how the renderer
chooses (`infers') which form to use when no form
attribute is given; see Section 3.2.5.7.2 [Default value of the
form attribute].
Having made that choice, or with the form attribute
explicitly specified in the <mo> element's start
tag, the MathML renderer uses the remaining attributes from the
dictionary entry for the appropriate single form of that operator,
ignoring the entries for the other possible forms.
Extended characters in MathML (and in the operator dictionary
below) are represented by Surf-style entity references using the syntax
&character-name; the complete list of characters and
character names is given in Chapter 6 [Characters, Entities and Fonts]. Many characters can be referred
to by more than one name; often, memorable names composed of full
words have been provided in MathML, as well as one or more names used
in other standards, such as Unicode. The characters in the operators
in this dictionary are generally listed under their full-word names
when these exist. For example, the integral operator is named below by
the one-character sequence ∫, but
could equally well be named ∫. The choice
of name for a given character in MathML has no effect on its
rendering.
It is intended that every entity named below appears somewhere in Chapter 6 [Characters, Entities and Fonts]. If this is not true, it is an error in this specification. If such an error exists, the abovementioned chapter should be taken as definitive, rather than this appendix.
lspace and
rspace attributesThe values for lspace and rspace given here range from 0 to
verythickmathspace, which has a default value
of 6/18 em.
For the invisible operators whose content is ⁢ or ⁡,
it is suggested that MathML renderers choose spacing in a context-sensitive
way (which is an exception to the static values given in the following
table). For <mo>⁡</mo>, the total
spacing (lspace+rspace) in
expressions such as `sin x' (where the right operand
doesn't start with a fence) should be greater than zero; for
<mo>⁢</mo>, the total spacing
should be greater than zero when both operands (or the nearest tokens on
either side, if on the baseline) are identifiers displayed in a non-slanted
font (i.e. under the suggested rules, when both operands are
multi-character identifiers).
Some renderers may wish to use no spacing for most operators
appearing in scripts (i.e. when scriptlevel is greater
than 0; see Section 3.3.4 [Style Change (mstyle)]), as is the case in TEX.
"(" form="prefix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
")" form="postfix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"[" form="prefix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"]" form="postfix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"{" form="prefix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"}" form="postfix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"”" form="postfix" fence="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"’" form="postfix" fence="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⟨" form="prefix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"&LeftBracketingBar;" form="prefix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⌈" form="prefix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⟦" form="prefix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"&LeftDoubleBracketingBar;" form="prefix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⌊" form="prefix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"“" form="prefix" fence="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"‘" form="prefix" fence="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⟩" form="postfix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"&RightBracketingBar;" form="postfix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⌉" form="postfix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⟧" form="postfix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"&RightDoubleBracketingBar;" form="postfix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⌋" form="postfix" fence="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"&LeftSkeleton;" form="prefix" fence="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"&RightSkeleton;" form="postfix" fence="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⁣" form="infix" separator="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"," form="infix" separator="true" lspace="0em" rspace="verythickmathspace"
"─" form="infix" stretchy="true" minsize="0" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"|" form="infix" stretchy="true" minsize="0" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
";" form="infix" separator="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thickmathspace"
";" form="postfix" separator="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
":=" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≔" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∵" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∴" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"❘" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"//" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∷" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"&" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="thickmathspace"
"&" form="postfix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="0em"
"*=" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"-=" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"+=" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"/=" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"->" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
":" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
".." form="postfix" lspace="mediummathspace" rspace="0em"
"..." form="postfix" lspace="mediummathspace" rspace="0em"
"∋" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⫤" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊨" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊤" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊣" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊢" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⇒" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⥰" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"|" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"||" form="infix" lspace="mediummathspace" rspace="mediummathspace"
"⩔" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="mediummathspace" rspace="mediummathspace"
"&&" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⩓" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="mediummathspace" rspace="mediummathspace"
"&" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"!" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⫬" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∃" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∀" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∄" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∈" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∉" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∌" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊏̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⋢" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊐̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⋣" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊂⃒" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊈" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊃⃒" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊉" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∋" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊏" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊑" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊐" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊒" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⋐" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊆" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊃" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊇" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⇐" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⇔" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⇒" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⥐" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⥞" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"↽" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⥖" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⥟" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⇁" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⥗" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"←" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⇤" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⇆" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"↔" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⥎" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"↤" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⥚" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"↼" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⥒" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"↙" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"↘" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"→" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⇥" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⇄" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"↦" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⥛" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⇀" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⥓" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"←" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"→" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"↖" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"↗" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"=" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"<" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
">" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"!=" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"==" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"<=" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
">=" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≡" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≍" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≐" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∥" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⩵" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≂" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⇌" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≥" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⋛" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≧" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⪢" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≷" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⩾" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≳" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≎" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≏" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊲" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⧏" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊴" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≤" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⋚" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≦" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≶" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⪡" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⩽" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≲" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≫" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≪" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≢" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≭" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∦" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≠" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≂̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≯" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≱" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≧̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≫̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≹" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⩾̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≵" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≎̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≏̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⋪" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⧏̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⋬" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≮" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≰" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"&NotLessFullEqual;" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≪̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⩽̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≴" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⪢̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⪡̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊀" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⪯̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⋠" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"&NotPrecedesTilde;" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⋫" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⧐̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⋭" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊁" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⪰̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⋡" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≿̸" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≁" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≄" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≇" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≉" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∤" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≺" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⪯" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≼" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≾" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∷" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∝" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⇋" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊳" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⧐" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊵" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≻" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⪰" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≽" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≿" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∼" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≃" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≅" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"≈" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊥" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"∣" form="infix" lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace"
"⊔" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="mediummathspace" rspace="mediummathspace"
"⋃" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="mediummathspace" rspace="mediummathspace"
"⊎" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="mediummathspace" rspace="mediummathspace"
"-" form="infix" lspace="mediummathspace" rspace="mediummathspace"
"+" form="infix" lspace="mediummathspace" rspace="mediummathspace"
"⋂" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="mediummathspace" rspace="mediummathspace"
"∓" form="infix" lspace="mediummathspace" rspace="mediummathspace"
"±" form="infix" lspace="mediummathspace" rspace="mediummathspace"
"⊓" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="mediummathspace" rspace="mediummathspace"
"⋁" form="prefix" largeop="true" movablelimits="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⊖" form="prefix" largeop="true" movablelimits="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⊕" form="prefix" largeop="true" movablelimits="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thinmathspace"
"∑" form="prefix" largeop="true" movablelimits="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⋃" form="prefix" largeop="true" movablelimits="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⊎" form="prefix" largeop="true" movablelimits="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thinmathspace"
"lim" form="prefix" movablelimits="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thinmathspace"
"max" form="prefix" movablelimits="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thinmathspace"
"min" form="prefix" movablelimits="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⊖" form="infix" lspace="thinmathspace" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⊕" form="infix" lspace="thinmathspace" rspace="thinmathspace"
"∲" form="prefix" largeop="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"∮" form="prefix" largeop="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"∳" form="prefix" largeop="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"∯" form="prefix" largeop="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"∫" form="prefix" largeop="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⋓" form="infix" lspace="thinmathspace" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⋒" form="infix" lspace="thinmathspace" rspace="thinmathspace"
"≀" form="infix" lspace="thinmathspace" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⋀" form="prefix" largeop="true" movablelimits="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⊗" form="prefix" largeop="true" movablelimits="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thinmathspace"
"∐" form="prefix" largeop="true" movablelimits="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thinmathspace"
"∏" form="prefix" largeop="true" movablelimits="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⋂" form="prefix" largeop="true" movablelimits="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thinmathspace"
"∐" form="infix" lspace="thinmathspace" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⋆" form="infix" lspace="thinmathspace" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⊙" form="prefix" largeop="true" movablelimits="true" lspace="0em" rspace="thinmathspace"
"*" form="infix" lspace="thinmathspace" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⁢" form="infix" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"·" form="infix" lspace="thinmathspace" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⊗" form="infix" lspace="thinmathspace" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⋁" form="infix" lspace="thinmathspace" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⋀" form="infix" lspace="thinmathspace" rspace="thinmathspace"
"⋄" form="infix" lspace="thinmathspace" rspace="thinmathspace"
"∖" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thinmathspace" rspace="thinmathspace"
"/" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="thinmathspace" rspace="thinmathspace"
"-" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="veryverythinmathspace"
"+" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="veryverythinmathspace"
"∓" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="veryverythinmathspace"
"±" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="veryverythinmathspace"
"." form="infix" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⨯" form="infix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"**" form="infix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⊙" form="infix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"∘" form="infix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"□" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"∇" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"∂" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"ⅅ" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"ⅆ" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"√" form="prefix" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⇓" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⟸" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⟺" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⟹" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⇑" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⇕" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"↓" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⤓" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⇵" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"↧" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⥡" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⇃" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⥙" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⥑" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⥠" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"↿" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⥘" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⟵" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⟷" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⟶" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⥯" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⥝" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⇂" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⥕" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⥏" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⥜" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"↾" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⥔" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"↓" form="infix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"↑" form="infix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"↑" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⤒" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⇅" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"↕" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⥮" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"↥" form="infix" stretchy="true" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"^" form="infix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"<>" form="infix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"'" form="postfix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="0em"
"!" form="postfix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="0em"
"!!" form="postfix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="0em"
"~" form="infix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"@" form="infix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"--" form="postfix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="0em"
"--" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"++" form="postfix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="0em"
"++" form="prefix" lspace="0em" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"⁡" form="infix" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"?" form="infix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"_" form="infix" lspace="verythinmathspace" rspace="verythinmathspace"
"˘" form="postfix" accent="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"¸" form="postfix" accent="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"`" form="postfix" accent="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"˙" form="postfix" accent="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"˝" form="postfix" accent="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"&DiacriticalLeftArrow;" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"&DiacriticalLeftRightArrow;" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"&DiacriticalLeftRightVector;" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"&DiacriticalLeftVector;" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"´" form="postfix" accent="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"&DiacriticalRightArrow;" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"&DiacriticalRightVector;" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"˜" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"¨" form="postfix" accent="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"̑" form="postfix" accent="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"ˇ" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"^" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"‾" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⏞" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⎴" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⏜" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⃛" form="postfix" accent="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"_" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⏟" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⎵" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
"⏝" form="postfix" accent="true" stretchy="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em"
Overview: Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0
Previous: E MathML Document Object Model Bindings (Non-normative)
Next: G Sample Surfing Style Sheet for MathML (Non-normative)
You can also get Organic Skin Care products from Bliss Bath Body and you must check out their Natural Body Lotions and bath soaps
Now if you are looking for the best deals on surf clothing from Quiksilver and Roxy then you have to check these amazing deals here:
Hey, check out this Organic Skin Care European Soaps along with Natural Lavender Body Lotion and shea butter
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If you may be in the market for
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You can also get Organic Skin Care products from Bliss Bath Body and you must check out their Natural Body Lotions and bath soaps
Now if you are looking for the best deals on surf clothing from Quiksilver and Roxy then you have to check these amazing deals here:
Hey, check out this Organic Skin Care European Soaps along with Natural Lavender Body Lotion and shea butter
This is the website that has all the latest for surf, skate and snow. You can also see it here:. You'll be glad you saw the surf apparel.
Boardshorts are designed to be quick-drying, and are generally made from smooth polyester or nylon material. They are
durable and hold up to wear from contact with a surfboard, yet are comfortable and light-weight. They are well-adapted to
their use in various active watersports. These are the best board shorts around:
Volcom Board Shorts
Hurley Board Shorts
Quiksilver Board Shorts
Roxy Board Shorts
Billabong Board Shorts
Adidas Board Shorts
Emerica Board Shorts
Element Board Shorts
Analog Board Shorts
Alpinestars Board Shorts
Quiksilver Board Shorts
C1rca Board Shorts
DC Board Shorts
Dakine Board Shorts
Etnies Board Shorts
Independent Board Shorts
Jet Pilot Board Shorts
Kr3w Board Shorts
RVCA Board Shorts
LRG Board Shorts
Matix Board Shorts
Lost Board Shorts
Metal Mulisha Board Shorts
O'Neill Board Shorts
Boardshorts do not have an elastic waist like many swim shorts do; instead they have a more rigid waistband which opens at
the front, often with a velcro fly. The waistband is also held together at the front with a lace-up tie. This double
fail-safe system is in order to ensure that the shorts cannot be pulled off the body by the force of the wave when a
surfer is tumbled under water during a wipeout. Another common feature of authentic surfing boardshort design is a very
small pocket sealed with velcro and vented with a grommet. This is designed to be a secure place to carry a car key or
house key while in the water:
Volcom Boardshorts
Hurley Boardshorts
Quiksilver Boardshorts
Roxy Boardshorts
Billabong Boardshorts
Adidas Boardshorts
Emerica Boardshorts
Element Boardshorts
Analog Boardshorts
Alpinestars Boardshorts
Quiksilver Boardshorts
C1rca Boardshorts
DC Boardshorts
Dakine Boardshorts
Etnies Boardshorts
Independent Boardshorts
Jet Pilot Boardshorts
Kr3w Boardshorts
RVCA Boardshorts
LRG Boardshorts
Matix Boardshorts
Lost Boardshorts
Metal Mulisha Boardshorts
O'Neill Boardshorts
Boardshorts are normally longer than some shorts or form-fitting speedo styles of swimwear and sometimes they have a baggy
appearance. Boardshorts are longer than normal shorts for one major reason: surfboards are covered with a layer of sticky
wax, which allows the surfer to stand on the board without slipping off. However, this wax can rip leg hair off the surfer
when he is sitting on the board waiting for waves. Long boardshorts cover the back of the leg when sitting on the board,
preventing the wax from ripping at the leg hair. The length of boardshorts is also affected according to fashion trends;
ranging from mid-thigh (old school) to below the knee, covering the entire knee. They often sit low in the back, exposing
the top of the buttocks. Many designs use vibrant color, Hawaiian floral images and highlighted stitching; however not
all boardshorts have these features:
Volcom Boardshort
Hurley Boardshort
Quiksilver Boardshort
Roxy Boardshort
Billabong Boardshort
Adidas Boardshort
Emerica Boardshort
Element Boardshort
Analog Boardshort
Alpinestars Boardshort
Quiksilver Boardshort
C1rca Boardshort
DC Boardshort
Dakine Boardshort
Etnies Boardshort
Independent Boardshort
Jet Pilot Boardshort
Kr3w Boardshort
RVCA Boardshort
LRG Boardshort
Matix Boardshort
Lost Boardshort
Metal Mulisha Boardshort
O'Neill Boardshort
Although the basic design for boardshorts remains largely the same, some manufacturers have taken advantage of new
technology. Because surfers and other water-sports enthusiasts commonly wear boardshorts without underwear, one of the
major complaints has been about the use of velcro for the fly closure which tends to entangle pubic hair. A solution that
some manufactures have come up with is to use a neoprene fly, which does not allow the fly to completely open, but
provides enough stretch so that the shorts can be easily pulled on and off. Pubic hair does not get caught on the neoprene
fly. To remedy another common complaint, about boardshorts stitching in the inseam area which would rub directly against
the wearer's skin, many manufacturers switched to a seamless design, or use welding or glue, rather than stitches.
Although it is very common for boardshorts to be worn as is, some male wearers prefer to wear boxers, a jockstrap or
briefs under them. Some female wearers wear a swimsuit or bikini bottom under them.
Volcom Board Short
Hurley Board Short
Quiksilver Board Short
Roxy Board Short
Billabong Board Short
Adidas Board Short
Emerica Board Short
Element Board Short
Analog Board Short
Alpinestars Board Short
Quiksilver Board Short
C1rca Board Short
DC Board Short
Dakine Board Short
Etnies Board Short
Independent Board Short
Jet Pilot Board Short
Kr3w Board Short
RVCA Board Short
LRG Board Short
Matix Board Short
Lost Board Short
Metal Mulisha Board Short
O'Neill Board Short
Here are few links to some of the more popular Volcom surf clothing products:
Volcom Shirts
Volcom Tees
Volcom Shorts
Volcom Hats
Volcom Shoes
Volcom Boardshorts
Volcom Jackets
Here are few links to some of the more popular Element apparel and clothing products:
Element Shirts
Element Tees
Element Shorts
Element Hats
Element Shoes
Element Boardshorts
Element Jackets
Here are few links to some of the more popular Ezekiel apparel and clothing products:
Ezekiel Shirts
Ezekiel Tees
Ezekiel Shorts
Ezekiel Hats
Ezekiel Shoes
Ezekiel Boardshorts
Ezekiel Jackets
Here are few links to some of the more popular RVCA apparel and clothing products:
RVCA Shirts
RVCA Tees
RVCA Shorts
RVCA Hats
RVCA Shoes
RVCA Boardshorts
RVCA Jackets
HB Surf Shop
HB Sport Apparel
OC Sport Shop
OC Sport Apparel
All Sport Apparel
All Surf clothing
Take a moment to visit 1cecilia448 or see them on twitter at 1cecilia448 or view them on facebook at 1cecilia448.
This is the website that has all the latest for surf, skate and snow. You can also see it here:. You'll be glad you saw the surf apparel.
Boardshorts are designed to be quick-drying, and are generally made from smooth polyester or nylon material. They are
durable and hold up to wear from contact with a surfboard, yet are comfortable and light-weight. They are well-adapted to
their use in various active watersports. These are the best board shorts around:
Volcom Board Shorts
Hurley Board Shorts
Quiksilver Board Shorts
Roxy Board Shorts
Billabong Board Shorts
Adidas Board Shorts
Emerica Board Shorts
Element Board Shorts
Analog Board Shorts
Alpinestars Board Shorts
Quiksilver Board Shorts
C1rca Board Shorts
DC Board Shorts
Dakine Board Shorts
Etnies Board Shorts
Independent Board Shorts
Jet Pilot Board Shorts
Kr3w Board Shorts
RVCA Board Shorts
LRG Board Shorts
Matix Board Shorts
Lost Board Shorts
Metal Mulisha Board Shorts
O'Neill Board Shorts
Boardshorts do not have an elastic waist like many swim shorts do; instead they have a more rigid waistband which opens at
the front, often with a velcro fly. The waistband is also held together at the front with a lace-up tie. This double
fail-safe system is in order to ensure that the shorts cannot be pulled off the body by the force of the wave when a
surfer is tumbled under water during a wipeout. Another common feature of authentic surfing boardshort design is a very
small pocket sealed with velcro and vented with a grommet. This is designed to be a secure place to carry a car key or
house key while in the water:
Volcom Boardshorts
Hurley Boardshorts
Quiksilver Boardshorts
Roxy Boardshorts
Billabong Boardshorts
Adidas Boardshorts
Emerica Boardshorts
Element Boardshorts
Analog Boardshorts
Alpinestars Boardshorts
Quiksilver Boardshorts
C1rca Boardshorts
DC Boardshorts
Dakine Boardshorts
Etnies Boardshorts
Independent Boardshorts
Jet Pilot Boardshorts
Kr3w Boardshorts
RVCA Boardshorts
LRG Boardshorts
Matix Boardshorts
Lost Boardshorts
Metal Mulisha Boardshorts
O'Neill Boardshorts
Boardshorts are normally longer than some shorts or form-fitting speedo styles of swimwear and sometimes they have a baggy
appearance. Boardshorts are longer than normal shorts for one major reason: surfboards are covered with a layer of sticky
wax, which allows the surfer to stand on the board without slipping off. However, this wax can rip leg hair off the surfer
when he is sitting on the board waiting for waves. Long boardshorts cover the back of the leg when sitting on the board,
preventing the wax from ripping at the leg hair. The length of boardshorts is also affected according to fashion trends;
ranging from mid-thigh (old school) to below the knee, covering the entire knee. They often sit low in the back, exposing
the top of the buttocks. Many designs use vibrant color, Hawaiian floral images and highlighted stitching; however not
all boardshorts have these features:
Volcom Boardshort
Hurley Boardshort
Quiksilver Boardshort
Roxy Boardshort
Billabong Boardshort
Adidas Boardshort
Emerica Boardshort
Element Boardshort
Analog Boardshort
Alpinestars Boardshort
Quiksilver Boardshort
C1rca Boardshort
DC Boardshort
Dakine Boardshort
Etnies Boardshort
Independent Boardshort
Jet Pilot Boardshort
Kr3w Boardshort
RVCA Boardshort
LRG Boardshort
Matix Boardshort
Lost Boardshort
Metal Mulisha Boardshort
O'Neill Boardshort
Although the basic design for boardshorts remains largely the same, some manufacturers have taken advantage of new
technology. Because surfers and other water-sports enthusiasts commonly wear boardshorts without underwear, one of the
major complaints has been about the use of velcro for the fly closure which tends to entangle pubic hair. A solution that
some manufactures have come up with is to use a neoprene fly, which does not allow the fly to completely open, but
provides enough stretch so that the shorts can be easily pulled on and off. Pubic hair does not get caught on the neoprene
fly. To remedy another common complaint, about boardshorts stitching in the inseam area which would rub directly against
the wearer's skin, many manufacturers switched to a seamless design, or use welding or glue, rather than stitches.
Although it is very common for boardshorts to be worn as is, some male wearers prefer to wear boxers, a jockstrap or
briefs under them. Some female wearers wear a swimsuit or bikini bottom under them.
Volcom Board Short
Hurley Board Short
Quiksilver Board Short
Roxy Board Short
Billabong Board Short
Adidas Board Short
Emerica Board Short
Element Board Short
Analog Board Short
Alpinestars Board Short
Quiksilver Board Short
C1rca Board Short
DC Board Short
Dakine Board Short
Etnies Board Short
Independent Board Short
Jet Pilot Board Short
Kr3w Board Short
RVCA Board Short
LRG Board Short
Matix Board Short
Lost Board Short
Metal Mulisha Board Short
O'Neill Board Short
Here are few links to some of the more popular Volcom surf clothing products:
Volcom Shirts
Volcom Tees
Volcom Shorts
Volcom Hats
Volcom Shoes
Volcom Boardshorts
Volcom Jackets
Here are few links to some of the more popular Element apparel and clothing products:
Element Shirts
Element Tees
Element Shorts
Element Hats
Element Shoes
Element Boardshorts
Element Jackets
Here are few links to some of the more popular Ezekiel apparel and clothing products:
Ezekiel Shirts
Ezekiel Tees
Ezekiel Shorts
Ezekiel Hats
Ezekiel Shoes
Ezekiel Boardshorts
Ezekiel Jackets
Here are few links to some of the more popular RVCA apparel and clothing products:
RVCA Shirts
RVCA Tees
RVCA Shorts
RVCA Hats
RVCA Shoes
RVCA Boardshorts
RVCA Jackets
HB Surf Shop
HB Sport Apparel
OC Sport Shop
OC Sport Apparel
All Sport Apparel
All Surf clothing
Take a moment to visit 1cecilia448 or see them on twitter at 1cecilia448 or view them on facebook at 1cecilia448.