Od roku 1984, kdy se stal Unix poprvé podporovaným produktem díky AT&T, největší trhlina hackerském království se táhla mezi celkem soudržným síťovým národem soustředěným okolo Internetu a USENETu (používajícím hlavně minipočítače nebo pracovní stanice s Unixem) a ostrůvky nepropojených mikropočítačových nadšenců.

V té době se také objevily první zprávy o nabourání do systémů v masmédiích a novináři začali nevhodně používat slovo hacker pro počítačové vandaly, a dodnes v tom vytrvávají.

Počítače kategorie pracovních stanic, které stavěl Sun a další, otevřely hackerům nové světy. Měly výkonnou grafiku a mohly si přes síť sdílet data. V osmdesátých letech se hackeři zejména zabývali softwarem a nástroji pro zvýšení efektivity. Do Unixu z Berkeley byla vestavěna podpora pro protokoly ARPANETU, která poskytla řešení pro síťové problémy spojené s UUCP a podpořila další rozvoj Internetu.

Bylo učiněno několik pokusů o zkrocení grafiky pracovních stanic. Nakonec zvítězil X systém, který vyvinul MIT ve spolupráci se stovkami vývojářů a tucty společností. Rozhodujícím faktorem v jeho úspěchu bylo to, že tvůrci X byli ochotni zveřejnit zadarmo zdrojové kódy v souladu s hackerskou etikou a posílat je přes Internet. Vítězství X nad komerčními grafickými systémy (včetně toho, který nabízel SUN) bylo důležitým zvěstovatelem změn, které za několik let ovlivnily samotný Unix.

Stále ještě docházelo ke sporům mezi ITS a Unix hackery (většinou ze strany ITS). Poslední počítač s ITS byl ale odpojen roku 1990 a nadšenci již neměli co bránit a většinou se asimilovali do Unixové kultury s většim či menším vrčením.

V samotné skupině Unixu panovala největší rivalita mezi příznivci Unixu z Berkeley a z AT&T. Dosud ještě můžete narazit na kopii plakátu z tohoto období, který ukazuje X-stihačku z Hvězdných válek, která útočí na explodující Hvězdu smrti s logem AT&T. Hackeři z Berkeley se rádi představovali jako rebelové bojující proti bezduchým komerčním císařstvím. AT&T Unix nikdy nedohnal BSD/Sun na trhu, ale vyhrál válku standardů. Od roku 1990 je stále těžší obě verze odlišit, protože přejaly mnoho inovací druhé strany.

Se začátkem devadesátých let technologie pracovních stanic minulého desetiletí byla stále zřetelněji ohrožována novými, levnějšími a výkonnějšími osobními počítači založenými na Intelu 386 a jeho novějšími variantami. Poprvé si mohli hackeři dovolit koupi domácích počítačů, které měly výkon srovnatelný s minipočítači o deset let staršími a které byly schopné běžet pod Unixem, podporovat kompletní vývojové prostředí a propojit se na Internet.

Svět MS-DOS to vše blaženě ignoroval. Ačkoliv první nadšenci se rychle rozrostli do populace DOS a Mac hackerů, o několik řádů početnější než "populace síťového národa", nikdy se nestaly sebe sama si uvědomujícím společenstvím. Rychlost pokroku byla tak velká, že padesát různých technických kultur vzniklo a zase zaniklo tak rychle, jako jepice, nikdy neměly dost času na to, aby si vytvořily společný jazyk, tradice a legendy. Nepřítomnost všudesahající sítě porovnatelné s UUCP nebo Internetem jim zabránila v tom, stát se národem.

Začal se rozšiřovat přístup ke komerčním on-line službám jako CompuServe a GEnie, ale to, že ne-Unixové počítače neobsahovaly vývojové prostředí znamenalo, že jen velmi málo zdrojových kódů bylo zveřejňováno. Nevyvinula se tedy žádná tradice kolektivního programování.

Hlavní proud hackerství, točící se okolo Internetu a více méně totožný s Unixovou technickou kulturou se nestaral o komerční služby. Chtěl lepší nástroje a více Internetu a levné 32-bitové PC slibovaly to vše umožnit.

Ale kde najít software? Komerční Unix zůstával drahý, v řádu tisíců dolarů. Na počátku devadesátých let několik společností začalo prodávat AT&T nebo BSD Unix pro PC třídu počítačů. Ăšspěch ale nepřicházel, ceny neklesaly a nejhorší ze všeho, se softwarem člověk nedostal modifikovatelné a distribuovatelné zdroje. Tradiční obchodní model nedával hackerům to, co potřebovali.

To ale neposkytovalo ani Free Software Foundation. Vývoj HURDu, jádro Unixu pro Hackery, které RMS dlouho sliboval, se na dlouhá léta zastavil a do roku 1996 neposkytl žádné použitelné jádro (ačkoliv od roku 1990 FSF poskytlo téměř všechny ostatní obtížné části operačního systému ve stylu Unixu)

Co bylo ještě horší, od počátku 90.let začínalo být jasné, že desetileté úsilí komercializace Unixu selhalo. Slib Unixu o přenosnosti software mezi jednotlivými systémy se ztratil v hašteření půl tuctu komerčních variant Unixu. Komerční poskytovatelé Unixu byli tak nafoukaní, tak slepí a neschopní v marketingu, že Microsoft okupoval velkou část jejich tržního teritoria s podřadnou technologií operačního systému Windows.

Na počátku roku 1993 nepřátelský pozorovatel měl důvody pro to, aby usoudil, že příběh Unixu končí a s ním i osud kmene hackerů. A v počítačovém obchodním tisku bylo takových pozorovatelů dostatek, mnozí z nich rituálně předpovídali konec Unixu v půlročních intervalech od konce 70. let.

V těchto dnech veřejné mínění předpovídalo konec éry jednotlivých technických hrdinů, předpovídalo dominanci kolosů jako Microsoft v oblasti software a začínajícího Internetu. První generace Unixových hackerů se zdála starou a unavenou (výzkumná skupina v Berkeley v roce 1994 přestala být financována). Byly to těžké časy.

Naštěstí, mimo pohled komerčního tisku a dokonce i většiny hackerů probíhalo něco, co přineslo překvapující rozvoj na konci roku 1993 a v roce 1994. Nakonec to vše udalo celé kultuře nový směr a nepředstavitelný úspěch.

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